Image and Representation by Nick Lacey

''170 women represented in the 2 february-6 March 2008 issue of the lads's mag Nuts.''

''What percentage of topless men might we expect from a magazine aimed at women? The January 2008 edition of More! included 86 men in the editorial, and 9 (10 per cent) were topless.''

'''Whereas the first topless women in Nuts has her head tilted to one side, and 'it is the expression of a woman responding with calculated charm to the man whom she imagines looking at her - although she doesn't know him. She is offering her feminity  as the surveyed' (Berger 1972:55)''

''Women were typically shown lower or smaller than men and using gestures which ritualized their subordination', for example, lying down... [and with] deferential smiles (Gill 2008:79)

''Women's freedom is now often expressed in consumerist terms: 'the traditional image of the 'wife-mother-housewife' is now being replaced by images of sexually assertive, confident and ambitious women who express their 'freedom' through consumption.''

''To become this 'ideal' woman, the target audience need only buy the product or service offer; there's no need for any 'collective' struggle for social and political change.'

''Women do have active desires and can be confident enough to assert them.''

''while we would expect men to be more likely to see women as sex objects, theorists have suggested that the way we should see a text is inscribed in the text itself.''

''How women were represented primarily, as sex objects in advertising, but also in Renaissance painting.''

''Men look at women. Women watch themselves being looked at.''

''The relation of the woman to themselves. The surveyor of women is herself male: the surveyed female. Thus she turns herself into an object - and most particularly an object of vision: a sight.''

''Female representations in oil paintings were still prevalent in pornographic magazines. women are wholly defined as sexual objects, objects available for males.''

''Traditionally, the woman displayed has functioned on two levels: as erotic object for the Spector within the auditorium.''

''Women's magazines of the 1990s had shifted away from fashion and beauty (and in the 1970s it was romance) to sexuality.''