Zayn Malik left One Direction: Here Zayn is posing for the cover of 'Billboard' he looks confident as he stares into the camera. The cover line is bold and says 'Zayn Malik's Own Direction' suggesting that he likes to be individualistic. This could indicate that he wants the spot light on him 24/7. The copy indicates that he had not been happy in the band for a while and it took him a lot of courage to come to his decision of change considering the fact that he was in the biggest band ever. He was brave enough to remove himself from something that made him so unhappy. It says 'declares his freedom; 'i'm not censoring myself anymore' suggesting that he wasn't satisfied being in the band. 'Freedom' makes it sound like he was trapped, it adds emphasis and this single word alone expresses how he is feeling. 'Censoring' suggests that he was worried about what everyone else thought and he put others before himself. It sounds as though he has decided to be more selfish and considerate for himself and he is more carefree. Even though his hand is held up near his face, his face is still visible indicating that he is no longer afraid. He is not going to hide, it reinforces the idea of him being true to himself. The Billboard audience would be expected to have a preferred reading as it is relatable. Being stuck doing something you don't enjoy is not good therefore we all know Zayn did it for himself and his health. However some may not perceive it in this way because Zayn left whilst he was on tour indicating that he was too careless, he abandoned his band mates when they needed him most.
Zayn left his fiancee Perrie Edwards: According to Mail online, Zayn left his lover Perrie with no home. Not only did he destroy her heart, he left her with no where to go. She admitted she 'couldn't stop crying over him' which reveals the ruthless side of Zayn. Considering the fact that he left One Direction, Zayn is portrayed as a quitter. Mail Online have represented him as heartless. Further down in the article it says 'Perrie Edwards has admitted she became 'homeless' after Zayn Malik dumped her by text last year.' This sounds brutal and makes us feel sympathetic for Perrie. being dumped by text is harsh and no one deserves that kind of treatment. This represents Zayn as arrogant and could suggest that fame has changed him. Mail online would expect the audience to take a preferred reading of this article because they have given him an accurate representation of being disrespectful and inconsiderate. He has no morals and always gives up on people. Zayn's twitter dispute with Naughty Boy: According to the Mirror Zayn and Naughty Boy who were once close friends had a huge dispute on Twitter. They said 'Despite Naughty Boy offering a shoulder for Zayn to cry on after his dramatic split with 1D, it looks like their relationship is now over too. Especially as they’ve stopped following each other on Twitter.' suggesting that they no longer see eye to eye. This copy represents Zayn as the bad guy because Naughty Boy is shown to be caring as he was supportive towards Zayn. Because it says 'too' it suggests that Zayn is falling out with everyone. Zayn referred to Naughty Boy as a 'fat joke' and irrelevant on a tweet which was directed to Naughty boy which is very harsh and below the belt. Zayn is portrayed as malicious through the choice of his language. he does not hold back, instead he is venting his anger out on just about everyone. The mirror would expect the audience to have a preferred reading because they have represented Zayn as wreck less and Naughty Boy as caring however there must have been a reason for Zayn lashing out.
The masthead on this magazine is white and has big sized font and is easily noticeable due to the darker background. The title 'Vogue' itself sounds unique and classy. Due to it being a magazine targeted for women, the size of the masthead can relate to this reason alone. They want to represent women as strong, powerful and independent. Underneath the masthead is text saying 'power 2013' suggesting that it is a popular magazine with powerful stories and celebrities. Beyonce is a perfect example here because she is a powerful woman herself. Beyonce is covering the centre of the title connoting that she is more important.
Beyonce is looking directly into the camera suggesting that she is confident. The image of her takes up most of the space on this cover connoting that she is the main focus. It is almost as though she is in the spotlight as she looks glowing and her posture is fierce making her look picture ready. There is text saying 'Queen B Beyonce rules the world' this alone says a lot about her. She is carefree and looked up to. 'Queen B' suggests that she is at the top of the hierarchy and everyone wants to be her. She is the best of the best. Even if you didn't know who Beyonce is and what she is famous for, you would know that she is popular just by looking at this cover and the use of language. Because she is looked up to and admired she would have been chosen by the creators to get more people to pick it up. This will help with their branding.
The colour scheme works well because all the colours are kept simple yet elegant, this could have been done to represent Beyonce as a person as she appears to look sophisticated with her white jacket held over her shoulder. Sophistication is key on this cover because it looks mature and glamourous. The small amount of red text brings out the fierceness in Beyonce because it gives the ideology of women being more self reliant and courageous.
The cover gives off several messages. It is clear that this magazine is aimed at women who are young. Specifically those ages 20-30. It is obvious it is for those interested in beauty and fashion.
This cover is aimed for those who are aspires, Beyonce is made to look a certain way. She looks flawlessly perfect, this gives the audience the feel that they have to look like that. Her perfectness shames them into thinking they have to change the way they look or how they dress just to fit into society.
They wont sit back until everyone has a home, a sense of belonging for everyone.
Homes provide happiness.
Every year, more than 1 million people go to Shelter for help and advice. There are a lot of people out there who carry the worries of being homeless.
Characters/Visual style
It tells the story of a girl called Penny. Penny is the voice over, this is effective because she has a soft voice and sounds fragile due to the problem of eviction. The story is told quite differently compared to a typical homeless charity ad because it is narrated through the use of dolls which represents penny and her family and a dolls house which appears to be Penny's home. This works well because it is unique therefore audience members are more likely to watch and take notice.
Towards the end, Penny and her family have received help from Shelter. Now they are the happy family that they used to be. This is shown through use of the bright lights overtaking Penny's house because it suggests that the mood has picked up and everything is better for Penny and her family.
Ideology
Homelessness can lead to the person wanting to start over and gain a new identity.
They wish they can become something bigger.
The man wants a clean slate, a new beginning as a new person.
A fresh start is what a homeless person needs.
By donating, we can give people a way out. Characters/Visual Style
The man is shown stressed. The setting is simple because it is a street full of passers. The camera focuses on the man and shows him to tear his identity away which is replaced by a well-kept, better version of himself. The new man is dressed in what appears to be a work uniform as a janitor when he removes himself from the spot on the cold, hard ground. This is significant because it shows that life can be changed.
The voice over is straight to the point. We don't hear the voice over until the very end. Instead we hear dramatic noises such as police sirens and car horns beeping. Dramatised music is played when the man tears away his skin, this is intense and uses small enigma codes because it is unexpected. It makes us question what he is doing.
The side shot of the man when he is rubbing his eyes is important because its showing that homelessness can effect peoples' mental state.
Lines Of Appeal
Reward and punishment is used because it is basically saying that if we don't donate, people like the man will not better themselves.
The scene is quite shocking and disturbing. It is significant when the old version of the man is left lying on the floor because it shows that homelessness can be left behind. I think this is effective because it makes us realise that things can improve.
It says 'without you, there would be no way' this is direct through the use of YOU and makes us feel guilty if we don't donate.
What works
The logo for united way is imprinted on the wall that the man walks past. This works well because it is still visible, it is like a reminder for us audience members.
The length of this ad is good because it is short, it is more likely that people are going to watch the whole thing. Because the advert only lasts around thirty seconds, the message will be received because it isn't ongoing and boring.
Ideology
Loosing your job has a big impact on your family. Bills catch up with you and soon enough you are in a load of debt with no way out.
You get constant reminders of the trouble you are in, it eats away at you.
Lack of money can cause arguments. It can also cause Christmas to be ruined, loosing your job soon leads to be evicted. Characters/Visual style
The children are shown to be opening their Christmas advent calendars, instead of getting nice festive messages they get things like 'the rent is overdue' and 'no presents this Christmas' suggesting that they are struggling.
It is a constant reminder which the characters try to ignore. The characters represent a family because there is a mother, a father, a boy and a girl. They are set in their home which appears to be family orientated. This is a typical setting which is easily recognised.
The dates that appear on the screen in bold white text are significant because from December 1st it leads up to Christmas Eve. It shows how much can actually happen in the space of a month.
The final shot is a still shot of the house which is now emptied, details for donations are placed on the screen with the hashtag '#WhoWouldYouTurnTo.' This is significant because it is a rhetorical question for us audience members to ask ourselves. It allows us to put ourselves in their perspective.
Lines of Appeal
The advert reaches our need for love and belonging because we see the characters in a family context even though the family begins to fall apart towards the end.
The use of the hashtag gets us to personally identify with it because it makes you think.
What works
Realisation sets in because it gives off a strong message. Every little thing e.g. the rent being over due can lead to something as big as being evicted.
The last few shots are effective because it goes from the noise of the door being slammed to complete silence.
Ideology
The mother and the little boy are hiding from the people who are going to evict them from their home. They are aware that it is going to happen soon and they cant face it. Every time someone knocks at the door they hide behind the wall indicating that they are afraid.
The message is that taking someones home off of them makes them fearful, it destroys memories because all they have ever known is being taken away from them.
Another message is that poverty stricken people are helpless and have no power to make everything go back to the way it was before they landed themselves in debts and worries.
Characters/Visual Style
The little boy plays with his action figures to block out the rest of the world. He appears to be clueless as to what is about to happen suggesting that he is only young and naive. The mother almost makes it into a game because when the man knocks at the door her son has his hands locked together to symbolise a gun, he is pretending to be his action man. The realisation sets in when the van comes to collect their belongings and they end up living in a run down room with only a mattress on the floor.
There are two main settings, the first one being the mother and the sons' home and the second one being the temporary home. There is a huge difference between these two settings because their home appears once to be a happy place, the new home is dark and gloomy.
The close up shot intertwines with the voice over at the end because the boy is shown lying in bed when it says 'this christmas 75,000 children like Ryan will want one thing more than anything else - a place they call home' he looks sad and covers his face with his quilt suggesting that he wants to hide from it all.
Lines of Appeal
Small enigma codes have been used because this ad encourages us to question things like:What will happen to them? Will they be safe? Where will they go? and so on.
It also reaches our need to love and belong because we see the mother and the son have a strong relationship no matter what is happening. We see them in family context therefore some audience members -especially mothers will want for bond like the one shown.
What works
It is effective because christmas is a special time for families and this family face their toughest problems. This will make the audience want to help because no one should spend christmas with nothing.
This advert gives off a strong message. It is basically saying that people only care about less fortunate people when they don't have to give. They care but not enough to help those who are in need. People are shown standing up for the poor when the man is speaking offensively about them, but when he tries to raise money and do a good act, they all carelessly walk part him. Not one person drops a penny in his bucket suggesting that we don't realise how important it is to those who are less well off.
The ideology is that we are all oblivious to the fact that there are poor people out there who are in desperate need this ad takes honesty to its limits because it is wreckless but an effective way to get a a response out of the audience.
Characters/Visual style
The man who is the main focus is brutal. He tells the onlookers bad messages about the poor. It takes a turn half way through and he begins to support the poor. This shows use of juxtaposition because it shows the poor in two different lights.
The signs that are fastened to the man make a bold statement and give us audience members a clear message.
They have used mainly long shots, this is good for this particular video because the onlookers responses to the offensive message has been shown perfectly. It allows them to show the body language of the on lookers and how they are in total disagreement with the man.
The onlookers are portrayed as hypocrits because they pretend they care however they do not show interest when the man is shaking his money bucket.
Lines Of Appeal
It uses shock tactics because when the ad first plays, the use of language is appalling. It's a huge shock because a typical charity advert is expected to be symethetic and have an easy approach yet this is the opposite. It is hard hitting and abrupt.
It gives audience members a need for success because no one wants to end up in the position of being left with barely anything. No money, no luxury, no food, no nothing.
What works
It is very relatable and true because a lot of people are in the situation of having to visit things like food banks for support. However, even though it has raised our awareness of not helping the poor, it doesn't necessarily mean that we are simply going to stop and give to every poor person out there because that it simply not possible.
Children do not deserve the lifestyle shown. Children like the one shown are sick and hungry and fighting for survival. Alls they need is to be provided for to take away the pain.
It gives off the message that sick and hungry children need us, people who need to care enough to save a life.
Another message is providing for the children will bring hope.
Giving the suffering something so simple as a tube of rice can put a huge smile on their face suggesting that even though we see that as a small gesture, it is life changing to them.
A final message is that we turn a blind eye to this problem and this problem needs to be changed.
Characters/Visual Style
The main girl in the video is only 19 months old, there is sadness in her eyes and she appears to be in a bad state. Her face is covered in sores and she sits with no clothing on.
Close up shots of the girl have been done to show her emotion. The look in her eyes is like a cry for help. She wants someone to help her escape from this horrible way of living.
There is light music in the background playing, it is slow and extremely sad. This ties in with the ad because it is empathetic therefore the audiences mood will be dragged down due to them feeling sorrowful for the girl. The voice over of the man overpowers the music. Although he is overpowering, he remains a calm, steady voice. You can hear the sadness in his voice, the long pauses are effective because it gives us time to think and reflect.
It is clear that the girl is living in poverty just by looking at her surroundings. She is sat in front of a dirty looking wall that has crack in it. The cracks in the wall could represent the girls life because she has a hard life that appears to be breaking her slowly. This is significant because it appears the be the girls home and it doesn't look very homely. This makes us realise just how lucky we are to have the simple things in life like a comfy couch to sit on.
Lines of Appeal
Towards the end, a child is shown sat on the floor in floods of tears. His ribs are showing suggesting that he has no food to fill his stomach. This is shocking for us to see because we don't have this problem. Instead, we have endless food that is constantly wasted.
What Works
The voice over works well because it is very persuasive due to the emotive language used. He says things like 'a girl who knows nothing but pain' and 'please will you help.' This is directly addressing the audience and is slightly demanding. It makes you feel as though you cannot say no and turn your back on the child that is dying. It puts pressure on the audience because it makes you feel as though its all your fault if you don't donate.
People in this world think that the smallest of problems are the biggest challenges. This is not the case for people living in poverty because I'm sure that people living in the third world would love to encounter problems such as having too big of a house rather than worrying about survival and drinking toxic water.
It gives off the message that people living in the first world need to take a step back rather than acting so self-centred over the tiniest of things.
A final message it that some people are worse off therefore we should be more appreciative towards how lucky we actually are.
Characters/Visual style
Good use of juxtaposition because it shows the people in the third world countries and the problems that people in the first world face.
The setting of the third world people is significant. It is contrasting to the things the people say. For example, when the young girl talks about hating it when she leaves the clothes in the washer for a long period of time. This is contrasting because behind her is a dirty pool of water. If we didn't see this we would picture a washing machine.
The subtitles also add effectiveness because even though it is clear what the people are saying, it is written on the screen. This is good because it is there for longer.
The music begins to get heavier when the ad comes to an end. The uplifting music could represent the mood because it s showing that things can get better. Lines Of Appeal
This ad gives the audience a feeling of guilt. Guilt because it makes us realise how much we complain about nothing and that worse things happen at sea. This uses fear because it makes the audience fear that if they don't donate, something bad will happen to the people in third world countries.
It encourages us to personally identify with the problems because we have all complained about at least one of them.
What works
Although it raises awareness, it doesn't mean that we are going to stop complaining about wireless internet loosing connection or phone chargers not being long enough. All of the problems mentioned were very relatable for us yet they didn't appeal to the people in the third world countries however this adds significance because it makes us realise that we are very fortunate.
This gives off the message that too many young, innocent children are being neglected and abused. The voice over uses emotive language such as 'desperate need' suggesting that the advert has been made to give the audience an insight into the characters' lives. The main ideology of this advert is that we ignore signs of child abuse and neglect, it is trying to get us to be more aware and open our eyes more rather than ignoring the fact that it happens.
Characters/Visual Style
There are three different children being used in this ad to portray cruelty. Miles, Josie and Tom are all of a similar age and are all set in a dark, gloomy rooms suggesting that they are left to their own devices. The dark effect makes it more purposeful and effective because if the children were shown in a bright, more lighter setting, the mood will be lifted and the creators do not want this. The dark setting draws attention to the helpless children's faces because they are the main focus. The advert uses mainly close ups, this ties in with the dark setting because it helps to show more emotion. This has been done towards the end of the video because Miles is shown with his eyes tear filled. This is not normal behaviour for a baby because baby's represent screaming and making lots of noise. Miles does not do this, he suffers in silence in his cot with nobody there to comfort him. Another thing that is noticeable is when Josie has a tight grip on her cuddly toy, this shows significance because that is the closest she has to comfort.
Lines Of Appeal
This ad is very motivating. It makes you want to give the child a hug and reassure them by telling them everything is going to be fine. This gives the audience a need to nurture because it is not nice to see the children in that state. This could raise more awareness in current mothers and mums-to-be because they will watch the advert in great shock and tell themselves that they could never be so heartless towards what they see as their bundle of joys.
What Works
The dark filled rooms work well because they add a sense of sadness to the video, it drags the mood down and it is clear that the purpose of the ad is to show just how bad some children have to live. Giving audience members the need to nurture is good because using children for adverts has a bigger impact.
Ideology
The message that is conveyed is that the elderly suffer isolation and loneliness. This isn't just at Christmas time, it is all year round. It portrays loneliness as painful suggesting that everyone needs company. Characters/Visual Style
There are two separate scenes in this advert. An elderly man is shown prepping his house by putting mince pies out and puffing his cushions. The other scene focuses of what seems to be a very happy family who are opening their presents on Christmas morning, they then go and visit their family. This is done in a very clever way because the audience get the impression that the elderly man is expecting visitors, as an audience member I got the impression that the happy family were going to visit him because of the phone call the woman makes telling the significant other to 'pop the kettle on' the next shot is showing the elderly man flicking up the switch to his kettle. However later we found out that the very happy family were in fact, not going to visit the lonely, saddening old man, yet they were visiting the next door neighbours of the man. This was a huge twist and actually very shocking. The emotions of the elderly man are shown through close up shots because when he is peering through his window, the disappointment is clear.
Lines Of Appeal
Because there are millions of elderly people who are suffering the pain of loneliness, this advert allows a large majority to relate to it. This encourages the audience to in some way, personally identify with it. Like I mentioned before, the advert has been done cleverly with a twist. It got us to assume that the man was having his family over for Christmas dinner yet this is not the case. The twist could link to enigma codes because we just assumed. This then led to the feel of guilt because we find out that he doesn't have anyone to spend Christmas with.
You could also say that it makes the audience have a need for love and belonging because younger, more oblivious audience members may realise that this could be them one day. What Works
The twist in the story makes us feel bad for the elderly man because no one should have to spend Christmas or any other day alone. It is emotive because it was unexpected therefore it has a greater effect on the audience.
Ideology
The ideology is that people who are sadly suffering with cancer have support whether its family members or its nurses in the hospital. Sufferers are not isolated and Macmillan wanted us to know that. I know this because the voice over says 'no one should face cancer alone' suggesting that if someone falls we will work together to help them back up. Macmillan are emphasising the fact that cancer is a horrible thing for someone to go through therefore they should not suffer in silence. Another message the advert sends off is that cancer hits the loved ones, this could symbolise cancer being infectious and causing others emotion and heartache. With the help of Macmillan, no one will face cancer alone.
Characters/Visual Style
There several characters and each character has their own place in the ad. This involves the characters being shown in different settings. These settings are easily recognisable settings that are stereotypical. The hospital, the park and the supermarket. These are all typical day to day settings that tie in with the idea of cancer hitting you at any time of the day. The shots are effective because the long shots of the cancer sufferers falling back in slow motion shows just how turn taking cancer actually is. The way in which the creators of the ad have chose to approach it in slow motion adds to the effectiveness because it makes me as an audience member question whether or not someone is going to be there to catch them. the close up shot of the man in the lift brings out the emotions because the camera focuses on his eyes suggesting that the news of his loved one is overpowering him.
The voice over is calm rather than panicking. It is not rushed, this is good as it adds to the amount of sympathy being used as the tone of the voice sounds sad. This ties in with the music being played in the background because it is slow and adds a sense of sadness to the advert.
Lines Of Appeal
There are small enigma codes used when the cancer sufferers are shown to be falling because we are encouraged to question whether or not someone will stop them from falling and help them to get through the cancer. In a way, it is getting the audience to personally identify with the ad because it makes us think how bad it would be to have cancer and have no one care.
What works
This ad works well because the simplicity of the message is powerful. We look through the eyes of the man who is told by his doctor that he has cancer, this allows us to see it from his perspective. This encourages us to be more engaged in the advert therefore this is successful as it gains the audiences' attention.
British Heart Foundation- Watch Your Own Heart Attack
Ideology
The ideology is that if you leave telling the hospital about having a heart attack, even if its a minor one, it will be too late. I get this impression when the voice over says 'every second counts' suggesting that everyone needs to be aware of how precious life actually is.
Characters/visual style
The only character in this advert is the man. He speaks directly to the audience, this forces the audience to make a connection with him. He asks rhetorical questions, 'what if' is used a lot. He is set in a dark, half empty room that looks similar to a home.
The mans voice is rushed and sounds panicked. Especially when he tells the audience the symptoms of a heart attack. It gives the ad an urgent effect, which creates a sense of awareness. The final shot is a graphic with the charity logo alongside the words 'find out more' which is prompts the audience to take action.
Lines of appeal
This ad has used shock tactics. The sick on the floor increases the effectiveness of the charity advert because in a way, it scares the audience into thinking that could happen to them if they are not careful. Because the audience is directly addressed throughout the whole of the ad, there is a sense of the advert trying to encourage those who are watching it to personally identify with it. It also uses reward and punishment because it has the ideology that if you don't listen to what the man has to say, you will have a heart attack.
What works
The use of shock tactics works well because it is not your typical heart attack advert. This is very graphic compared to other ads, this leads to the audience giving their attention to the advert. It is a very dramatic yet realistic advert which gets straight to the point.
The Poltergeist is a horror film. It is a typical horror film because a family of a mum, a dad and three children move into a new house. This is a typical horror film purely because the director has decided to use young children as the main characters, this is done in many other horror films. The scenes are all shown to be inside the house where all of the unexplainable things happen. This is also typical of a horror film because most horror films tend to set the film in a 'haunted' house. The trailer starts with the family driving to their new home, the older girl complains about the phone lines and how they are going to give her a tumour, this connotes the idea that the tumour is the poltergeist. At the start everyone seems to be satisfied with the new house, when the younger brother and sister are playing and the boys hair magically spikes up they say "mum we like this house" suggesting that they don't know what is around the corner. The mother and the father even say that things are starting to look up for the family. Because the setting is the house, the things that happen are also typical of a horror film. There are jump scares, lights flickering, dolls that are clowns and most of the scenes show the house to be in darkness. These are the things that make a horror film effective because they all give the audience a fright therefore it adds a sense of suspension. One thing that stood out to me was the closet, the boy is in bed when the storm takes place. A clowns laugh is heard to be coming out of his bedroom closet and he goes
Remember Me is a 2010 romantic, dramatic film. It centers on two lovers who have had been through traumatic events in their lifetime. Tyler (played by Robert Pattinson) whose brother called Michael committed suicide and Ally (Emilie de Ravin) who has the harsh memory of witnessing her mothers murder when they were waiting at a subway and got mugged by two young men who shot her and made Ally motherless.
I watched this film around two years ago and it still sticks in my memory to this day because I was emotional after watching it. What was so significant about the film is the fact that it is based on a day that is unforgettable which is the tragedy of 9/11. It is so significant because they have created this film carefully, when Tyler drops his younger sister off at school whom he dearly loves, the teacher writes the date on the blackboard as September 11, 2001. At this point Tyler is shown looking out of the window of his fathers office which is revealed to be located in the towers. Once the terrorist attack begins, the rest of the family look at the towers just before the camera turns to the scene of the rubble, and Tyler's diary. There is a voice over of what his diary says and Tyler reveals that he loves Michael and that he has forgave him for taking his own life. The part which got to me was when Tyler's grave is shown besides Michael's this is so significant because it shows that you don't realise what you have got until is is gone. Tylers father didn't care for Tyler because he blamed him for the death of his other son Michael, yet he shows sorrow when he realises he didn't get the chance to be a real dad to his son.
Later on, the younger sister and the father who once had no relationship at all, are now spending time together and doing things that a father and daughter should do and Ally is shown facing her fears of subways. She gets on the subway at the same spot where her mother was brutally killed. This film manipulated my emotions and brought a tear to my eye. It made me think that you there are many people in this world who suffer the loss of their loved ones, it also made me realise that some people are worse off and that I shouldn't complain about silly things. It has the ideology of family mattering and that life is too short to hold grudges.
The advertising campaign I decided to use to demonstrate humor is an insurance company.This uses humour as its main persuasive device by showing a man dancing in very short shorts and a pair of ladies heels. This alone suggests it is humorous because it is not likely you'd see a man dancing in the street on a daily basis. Dave, the dancing man is shown in shorts and heels to reinforce the message that the price of the insurance is so worth it to the point where it makes you want to dance in the street like Dave does. There is nothing stopping Dave therefore it gives the ideology of nothing stopping us as an audience to do the same. However this advert is taken to exaggerated measures because it is not likely that random passengers in the street will get involved and follow an exact dance routine therefore it shows no realism whatsoever however the humour is still there and as an audience member you can't help but laugh.
The target audience would be mainstreamers because buying insurance happens everyday, it would appeal to those who are older and more mature. This could range from an 18 year old who has just passed their driving test or a 60 year old who is looking to buy home insurance. In addition, this appeals to both genders.
2. Use of slogans
This slogan is very effective. Purely because it refers to a time when people were struggling with money, Tesco is saying that they understand money can be tight sometimes so they have used this slogan to make the audience aware that they understand. This could be interpreted in different ways, it could represent Tesco cutting prices to lure customers in.
Furthermore, the big red and blue logo that reads 'TESCO' is very bold and strong compared to the slogan below which reads 'every little helps.' This comparison shows that they are considerate towards those suffering. Suggesting that the bold text symoblises the actual shop therefore it has meaning, being popular and well-known. The slogan has a much more softer approach and appears to be handwritten, suggesting that it is much more personal. Indicating that they know what it is like to have limited money. The effectiveness could link to audience forming personal identity with the shop because they may relate to their slogan.
The slogan creates a positive ideology being that they are not alone,it is delightfully motivating because if a few of us do a little then every little helps a lot.
3. Shock Tactics
This advert by Barnardo's shows a new born baby with a bottle of incredibly strong alcohol shoved in it's mouth. Suggesting that the baby has only just came into this world and it is already getting led to a rather unreasonable lifestyle. This ad represents what looks to be alcoholism and its causes with poverty being one of them. For many, this ad will give off the impression that this innocent baby is going to become an alcoholic due to their way of life and how the baby is brought up.
The headline in this ad immediately caught my attention. 'There are no silver spoons for children born into poverty' suggests that children born into poverty are trapped, they are stuck in a life that is not wanted. It is almost like a comparison between those who are born in a more wealthier, steadier home. The 'silver spoons' implies that there is a great divide between the rich and the poor.
Another interesting line is the one that reads 'poverty is waiting to destroy Amy's hope and joy.' This one line particularly stood out to me because the use of language is extreme. 'Destroy' suggesting that is damaging and life threating. Something that cannot be mended once broken. 'Hope' highlights the fact that this helpless little girl is deprived of a good life, she is not capable of achieving all she hopes because poverty is overpowering. 'Joy' implies that she will not be happy due to this huge problem that stands in her way.
However, this advert can link with the hypodermic syringe model and the inoculation model because these two theories treat the audience as passive. Some may disagree with this because not all children who are brought up in poverty turn to alcohol. This is very one sided because some believe money doesn't matter, it is the parenting which is the main source. It is possible for some audience members to reject the ideology that babies being born into a poverty stricken background will turn to alcohol therefore this advert is unlikely to change their mind-set.
The need for nurture and to protect those who are vulnerable is key to this ad because the baby is the main focus. She represents thousands of other babies stuck in the same situation, she looks helpless. Babies are supposed to be happy and cared for, this ad portrays the complete opposite image as it is very shocking.
4. Stereotypes in advertising
This Yorkie advert shows gender stereotypes. It uses the stereotype of men being better than women to the point where women are not supposed to eat this specific chocolate bar. According to this ad, all women wear pink. The colour pink is identified with women rather than men because it is society's perception of what is means to be feminine however this is not true. It is also indirectly implying that for some reason it is unacceptable as a colour for men, or that a man who wears pink is not very masculine.
5. Intertextuality in advertising
This Warburtons advert uses The Muppets from the Muppet Show. This has been done because the Muppets are well-known and recognisable. Even those who haven't watched this show will recognise the faces of the comedic puppet characters.
It uses nostalgia as one of it's techniques, because the television series aired from 1976 to 1981. The advert is even more memorable. It is not only memorable, it uses humour and the song is catchy because it has been made up specially for this advert.
6. Elite Persons in advertising. I have chosen to analyse the smart water advert featuring Jenifer Aniston purely because
she has status. She is well-know from many films and the TV series called 'Friends.' She is seen as an attractive, strong woman in society therefore smart water have chosen to use her to show that a woman in her late forties can still look good and have a healthy look to their skin. Suggesting that the audience can too. This leads on to personal identity because she doesn't look as old as she actually is therefore they will believe if they drink this water, they will
achieve this too.
7. Reward and Punishment
In the pampers advert, they are advertising baby nappies. They use reward in this advert because it gives the feeling that Pampers nappies are better than any ordinary nappies. Its
compelling the people to believe that their baby will be more comfortable and dryer when they use pampers. It also gives the ideology that your baby will not wake up through the night if they wear a pampers nappy. This will make a happy baby as well as a happy parent. On the other hand, the punishment is that if you don't use pampers your baby will be restless and unhappy. It tries to but the blame onto the parents by not purchasing the product. Parents want the best for their children, they want people to but the nappies by enforcing this idea that it will be much more beneficial for the baby. Parents are most likely to give in to this notion because of peer pressure that has clearly been used effectively.
This rather revealing photo of Caitlyn Jenner has been purposely chosen by the very popular, well-known magazine called 'Vanity Fair.' They have shown her barely clothed, this could appeal to aspirers who are middle class because this magazine cover intertwines with levels of attractiveness and the importance to look your best at all times. It wouldn't appeal to those who are not skilled workers and part of the lower class because it is a high end magazine therefore it is a magazine that is more luxurious and can be kept rather than just throwing out once read. Only those with the money are most likely to spend the extra cash on magazines like this one. It would appeal to more so aspirers because Caitlyn Jenner is a strong influence in society due to her power to tell the world who she is and what she has done. This will appeal to aspirers because she was not afraid to admit to being transgender therefore more and more people will want to be like her. She has proved to many of the people who suffer with gender identity that coming out is the best thing to do. it sends out a message of if it is possible for Caitlyn aka Bruce then it is possible for anyone to do. There isn't much text on this cover however it does say 'Call Me Caitlyn' this is extremely powerful because it shows she is a strong, brave inspiration. It tempts aspirers to buy this magazine just so they can find out her story and look up to her for guidance.
A preferred reading of this magazine cover is that they will not only agree with the ideology of transgender people becoming socially accepted, they will have a clear understanding of how Caitlyn has shown great power and influence. It shows that Caitlyn is the role model that every aspirer should aim to be. The fact that she is barely clothed shows she is the most confident he has ever been. It also symbolises happiness because Caitlyn has finally been able to achieve something she has desired her whole life. Caitlyn symbolises feminism, and looks very well. Suggesting that she is finally free of secrecy and a lifestyle she was not happy with. Especially when being in the public eye 24/7. This suggests ordinary people can do it to.
The oppositional reading of this would be that they understand the ideology however they do not agree with Caitlyn showing off what she has achieved. Her lack of clothing ties in with this because some may feel that she shouldn't have to sit there with minimal clothing on to get the message across that being transgender is ok. This could be seen as her being self obsessed and vain. It also sends out a message that she is superior to ordinary people just because she is famous. The way her name is written across the cover sends out a message of her being self centred and that she has a need for a status. It suggests she is the first person to ever become transgender because a huge fuss has been made, however this is completely wrong. Some may respond to this media text with an oppositional reading due to their cultural experiences. For example, people who are brought up to be conserved and to keep their bodies fully clothed will reject it because they believe she should have more respect for herself rather than spreading it all over the front cover for millions to see.
Situated cultures could have a massive impact on the way some view this magazine cover. For example, upbringing can lead to a negotiated reading because some religions such as Christianity disagree with transgendered people because they believe that the Bible says it is wrong. This will result in a them not understanding the text because some Christians are brought up to believe it is totally unacceptable.
1a. Two theories which are associated with the effects debate are The Hypodermic Syringe Model and The Inoculation Model. Firstly, the Hypodermic Syringe Model is a popular belief that violent images in media texts could influence the people who are exposed to them. This theory suggests that the audience of media texts respond to how the media text is presented. This can be positive or negative. Positive being something that influences good behavior e.g. a heroic act and negative being something not so good e.g. robbery. The Inoculation Model is a long term theory which suggests that repeated media messages make the audience 'immune' to them. Meaning that we are no longer shocked by the content in media texts. Some things that are negative in media are now seen as normal because we are exposed to things like drug use, alcohol use, swearing and violence on a regular basis.
1b. An example of a media text for The Hypodermic Syringe Model is a video game called 'Call Of Duty' this is a good example because it is based on a lot of violence therefore this could influence the game user to carry out similar acts. The target audience of this very gory game is teenage boys. Video games like this can easily lead the consumers to bad choices even to the extent of murder due to the extreme shooting.
The Inoculation Model has many examples. An example which I thought is relevant is 'Ted' because although this is a comedy, it shows that it is acceptable to live a life of taking drugs and drinking alcohol. Many other media texts show show this therefore society will think it is the norm.
2. Audiences are labelled either passive or active. A passive audience member is to be a follower, these members are easily manipulated into thinking a media text is good just because lots of people have talked about it. These people are controlled and a metaphor for this is being a sheep. A theory which backs this up is The Hypodermic Syringe Model because it suggests the audience is passive due to the 'injection' the audience receive when taking in media texts. This theory makes it very clear that the audience is completely passive because it implies that everyone is the same and pushes the idea away of audience members responding differently. It is obvious that this theory thinks that we would behave in a violent manner due to the 'injection' of media text we have been exposed to. This takes no notice of those who have morals and have had a cultural upbringing which contradicts this theory of everyone being the same.
Those who are active are the complete opposite to those who are passive. Active audience members have their own opinions and desire when it comes to the media. They are not controlled and they have their free-will. This suggests that are their own person and do not respond to certain media texts in a good light just because others do. It is basically just the ability to have our own mind when it comes to interpreting the things we see in the media. A theory relating to this is The Uses and Gratifications which is split into four categories. Firstly escapism is linked to those who are active because it gives them a source of entertainment. Secondly , information appeals to those who are active because it allows them to get information specific to their needs. Thirdly, personal identity is a huge thing that contributes to being an active member because it allows the audience to compare themselves with characters and situations in media texts. Lastly, social interaction is important to active consumers of media because it allows them to discuss the media they have consumed with those who have consumed the same media. Overall, this theory is clearly in favor of active consumers because it shows that consumers have their own individual needs and each need is different therefore they can chose between a wide variety of media texts which provide the needs they seek.
3. Violence shown in media texts can create a huge impact on the way in which we behave. I believe in this to a certain extent because the media is based on a lot of violence and negativity, this will impact us because we will take all of the negativity in and copy some of the acts. However, this point is not backed up enough therefore I believe this theory is wrong. Wrong because it all depends on the person consuming the media, if they are naturally violent then it is not down to the influence of the media. Suggesting that they are probably going to commit the crime regardless of seeing something negative in the media or not. In addition, people make their own free-willed choices therefore media does not influence the individual to go out and commit a crime.
4. After looking over passive and active theories I think that the active theories are more acceptable than passive. This is because active audiences are portrayed to be individuals who have their own desires and opinions. This is more acceptable than passive audience theories because passive audiences are not different, they all supposedly follow the same path and do not have their own views on the media. Suggesting that this ignores the fact that everyone is unique.
5. A media text that I have recently consumed and enjoyed is 'Pretty Little Liars.' Using the Uses and Gratification model I would say I like this TV show because is allows escapism. Escapism is brought to the media consumers, including myself because it is a very tense, drama filled show therefore it allows me to step back out of my day to day life and see how the characters are very different. The story lines provide many twists which keeps my full attention, it is something I look forward to after a busy day. Pretty Little Liars also provides personal identity. Personal identity because the teenage girls in this drama are at a similar age to me, there are story lines showing how they deal with relationships and friendships. This is very relatable to me because it is relevant to my own life.
6a. The following link is for an advert https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcMGrVxo0Wo It is an advert that encourage smokers to stop. It has been created effectively because it shows a man smoking in his car whilst his children are present. It is raising awareness of how bad smoking can be and shows that it not only effects the smoker it effect the people around them, it is powerful because it makes the audience of this advert think twice before harming others. A preferred reading of this advert is that the smoke shown that is being inhaled by the young boy is very bad. This would be a preferred reading because non-smokers will have a positive attitude to this advert as it is obvious they don't agree with smoking because most non smokers have an ideology of smokers doing more harm than good. It is motivational for those who do smoke and have children because children are supposed to be their parents' number one priority therefore they are most likely going to want to quit after seeing this advert. Also because the advert creators have used very good, persuasive language. For instance they say 'if you could see what's really there, you wouldn't smoke.' This will most likely scare the audience because it is a very serious matter, it has been taken to extreme levels to raise awareness to the audience.
6b. Using the same video, this advert can create a oppositional reading because the actors used in this video only show a small majority therefore it is biased. It only shows what will happen to smokers with children and not every smoker actually has a child. It assumes that the majority of smokers have young children, this is not the case. It also assumes that all smokers smoke in environments such as a car which is enclosed, this is also not the case. In reality, any ages smoke and not everyone smokes in their car. The audience are understanding of this text however some may disagree for these reasons because it doesn't relate to all smokers.
This media text appears to be mainstream because it focuses on drama and romance therefore it could be considered as a teen romance. This appeals to the mainstreamers because it is a well-known American TV show so it is most likely to be watched by the majority. This could also be considered to be mainstream because it is relatable, us watchers can see a clear divide between the higher and lower class and this happens in our day to day lives. In addition, Gossip Girl focuses on the class and status because the characters are portrayed to attend a private school. These teens have rich parents, it is clear that they get what they want whenever they want it. This could connect with an audience of aspirers because people watch the show due to their want to be like the characters. They want to be spoiled and rich and get everything they want just like Blair, Serena, Nate and Chuck do. However, some may disagree with this because the show sends across a negative message which suggests that money cannot buy happiness. The rich parents are shown to almost neglect their children's needs; they push them to get the best out of life even when it’s not their child's dream. To conclude, it doesn’t appeal to the succeeders because it doesn't give the audience control and it is not aimed for explorers because the show has a sense of normality therefore there are no new discoveries to be made. Overall, I would say Gossip Girl is mainly aimed at mainstreamers due to its ordinariness, each episode intertwines therefore there is lack of change. This is ideal for mainstreamers because as it offers similar entertainment.
One of my favourite TV shows is Prison Break which was released in 2005. It is based on a very intelligent business man named Michael Scofield (played by the wonderful Wentworth Miller) whose mission is to break his brother named Lincoln Burrows (played by Dominic Purcell) out of prison who is on the death sentence and has been wrongly convicted for murder. Michael the Structural Engineer turns himself in to the Fox River Penitentiary where his brother is waiting in hope of survival. His death sentence is just around the corner and if Michael doesn't act sharply then he may lose all he has ever known and loved. Once out of jail, their exposure isn’t over - the brothers must flee the country to escape recapture and clash an involved political conspiracy that puts everyone's life at risk. The brothers have a unique bond that is unbreakable; some may say this is due to their harsh upbringing that had left both brothers scarred. But the past can easily re haunt them, and some familiar faces may spring to life adding yet more mysteries to the brothers lives.
This is a TV show that is likable due to its action fulfilled episodes that leaves us viewers in suspense. From my experience of watching this TV show I have discovered an attachment for Michael and Lincoln because as a viewer I can personally say that I and most others want them to be free because we are aware of their innocence yet this is not how they are portrayed by the other characters in the show. However, there wouldn’t be a plot if this was the case. I have in fact, re-watched this show many of times and it never gets boring even after knowing the ins and outs, I still love It. One could have never thought that you could make a show about breaking out of jail so entertaining.
